Across the world, religious and secular ethical traditions coexist, shaping diverse moral frameworks such as humanismand utilitarianism. Different religions define right and wrong based on their beliefs and interpretations. In monotheistic faiths like Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and partly Sikhism, moral values are guided by divine laws and religious teachings interpreted by spiritual leaders.

In contrast, polytheistic and Eastern traditions are often more flexible. For instance, in Buddhism, the intention and circumstances of an action determine its moral value. Similarly, in Hinduism, ethical choices depend on social rank, kinship, and stages of life, reflecting a relative moral system. This contrasts with Western ideals of equality and universality, which can make Hinduism’s contextual approach to ethics challenging for outsiders to fully grasp.